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NMFC codes and item numbers

Last reviewed by José Luis Pérez

An NMFC code, or NMFC item number, identifies the entry in the National Motor Freight Classification that covers a commodity. The item tells you how that commodity is classified for LTL shipping, either with a fixed class or, for many items, with a class that depends on density. NMFTA, which publishes the NMFC, says using the correct item number means fewer billing surprises, safer handling and faster deliveries.

NMFC item vs. freight class

  • The item number identifies what you are shipping.
  • The class (50 to 500) is what the item assigns to it.

Two shipments of the same item can end up in different classes when the item is density-based: the density of each shipment decides which subprovision, or "sub", applies. Since NMFTA's 2025 changes, density-based items use a 13-sub density scale instead of the previous 11-sub scale.

Where to look up an NMFC item

NMFTA publishes the NMFC and offers ClassIT+, a digital tool that NMFTA says helps you "find the correct NMFC item number", calculate density and confirm the class before you ship. It also tracks cancellations, reclassifications and supplement changes, and lets you look up an item as of a past effective date. Check NMFTA for access terms.

Your carrier or broker can also confirm the item and class for a shipment. FreightTools does not publish NMFC items or classes.

Where the NMFC item goes on the bill of lading

Federal rules require a motor carrier's bill of lading to include a description of the freight (49 CFR § 373.101(d)). Many shippers add the NMFC item and class to that description so the carrier rates the shipment as intended. A description that is too vague can be costly: one carrier's rules tariff says it may bill such shipments at class 150 and inspect them (XPO, Tariff CNWY 199, Item 26).

Keep your item numbers current

The NMFC changes over time. NMFTA's 2025 changes, effective July 19, 2025, moved over 2,000 items to density-based classification and consolidated many generic headings, and NMFTA advised shippers to update their systems with the new item numbers and density scales. Review the items you ship regularly whenever the NMFC changes.

Checklist

  • Keep a list of your products with their NMFC item, sub and class, and the date you confirmed them.
  • For density-based items, measure each shipment; do not reuse an old density.
  • Put a complete commodity description on every bill of lading.
  • If an invoice shows a different class, compare it with your records. See LTL reweigh and reclassification.

Calculate the density of a shipment with the freight density calculator.

Sources